1.13    Air Standard Cycles These are theoretical cycles in which air is assumed to be the working medium, which operates in a series of reversible processes where heat is exchanged (drawn in from, or rejected to) with heat reservoirs. Air is ...

1.12    Second Law of Thermodynamics The First law of thermodynamics, while declaring the law of conservation of energy and the mutual convertibility of Heat and Work, does not place any restriction on the direction of heat transfer and work transfer. But ...

1.11    Types of Thermodynamic Processes 1.11.1   Isothermal process If the temperature remains constant during a process undergone by a system, that process is called an Isothermal process. It can be represented on a Pressure-Volume coordinate axes diagram as shown in fig. 1.6. 1.11.2 ...

1.10    The First Law of Thermodynamics The first law of thermodynamics is obtained by the application of conservation of energy principle to a thermodynamic system. For a closed thermodynamic system which has passed through a cycle, the first law of thermodynamics states ...

1.9      Work and Heat Heat and work are different forms of energy. A closed system and its surroundings can interact in two ways: (a) by work transfer, and (b) by heat transfer. These may be called energy interactions and these bring ...

1.8 Properties of Gases 1.8.1 Perfect gas (Ideal gas) A perfect gas may be considered as one that obeys the laws of Boyle and Charles and the Characteristic equation of a gas which is obtained by combining the above laws. No gas ...

1.7 Zeroth law and temperature Zeroth law of thermodynamics states that when two systems A and B are separately in thermal equilibrium with a third system C, then the systems A and B are also in thermal equilibrium with each other. ...